Science chose the most important scientific studies of 2014. LOOK has them for you to put a row.
The renowned journal Science has a top 10 published in the major scientific breakthroughs of the past year. In the top 10 among other discoveries about birds and robots. But the winner is the Science the spacecraft Rosetta.
Rosetta reached this year, the comet 67P / Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The spacecraft is running circles around the comet and the Philae lander touched down in November at the surface. The landing was not smooth and Philae bounced twice up and down before the lander took the surface of the comet. Yet Philae knew quite what to collect data. Philae and Rosetta spacecraft threw new light on the formation and evolution of such comets. For example, water was found.
Scientists thought that water from our earth came from comets, but research Rosetta threw a spanner in the works. The water on the comet 67P namely appears to be a high content of deuterium (hydrogen with an additional neutron in the core, making it heavier than ‘normal’ is hydrogen) to contain. The ratio of deuterium and hydrogen just turned seven times higher than on Earth.
Rosetta would hopefully also help to understand how comets evolve as they approach the sun. The greatest activity Rosetta is yet to come, and is expected in August 2015. The spacecraft is closest to the sun
The nine other important scientific achievements of 2014 (in no particular order) are:.
- This year, several researchers compared the fossils of early birds and dinosaurs to that of modern birds. The researchers showed how some dinosaurs small, lightweight bodies developed so they evolved into modern birds.
- Scientists showed that blood of a young mouse muscles and brains of old mice can rejuvenate. This also works if only the mote GDF11 is transplanted from the blood. The findings have led to clinical studies that Alzheimer’s patients receive blood plasma of young donors.
- New software and interactive robots can do to control thousands of smaller robots. They prove this that robots can work together without the supervision of people.
- Researchers from two different groups made this year chips that are designed to process information in a way similar to the brains of people.
- Two research teams took cells that resemble beta cells; the cells which make insulin in the pancreas. Scientists can thus study diabetes.
- This year, it was discovered that handprints and animal paintings in an Indonesian cave 35000-40000 years old. Previously it was thought that the paintings were only 10,000 years old. The discovery suggests that Asians already made symbolic art when the first European cave painters just begun
- With the aid of opto genetics -. A technique that makes use of light beams in order to affect activity of neurons – manipulated scientists the memories of mice. They removed the existing (bad) memories and replaced by new (good) memories and vice versa.
- CubeSats are small satellites weighing around 10 square centimeters. The satellites already existed but were mainly used for educational purposes. Since this year they are used according to Science for real science.
- Scientists have E. Coli bacteria made containing two extra nucleotides (X and Y). Normally have only organisms G, T, C and A-nucleotides. The bacteria can not reproduce outside the lab, but could potentially be used to make proteins with unnatural amino acids
Sources:. Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science via EurekAlert!
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